Bio-based materials as a robust solution for building renovation: A case study

Boosting building renovation is urgently needed to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Building retrofit can be achieved energy-efficient measures such as thermal insulation or replacement of a fossil heating system. Currently, conventional materials that are mostly used for envelope raising the risk lock-in situation where mitigate climate change actually contributing it. Bio-based promising alternative they not only reduce energy consumption but also temporarily store carbon. To evaluate potential benefits materials, life cycle assessment (LCA) and cost analysis (LCCA) commonly used. Such allows over its whole life. However, considering buildings very long lasting systems, many associated uncertainties affect outcome LCA LCCA. account all uncertainty sources provide robust solution renovation, quantification applied. In this paper, we use optimization under define most cost-effective climate-friendly solution. We apply bio-based include storage calculation in integrated For optimization, novel methodology combining well-known non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) with surrogate modeling lower computational cost. The applied case study located Switzerland. results show highest reduction potential, should combined existing